By Lisa Salmon

Eating a healthy diet is a vital part of staying well. But, like most things, balance is key – and if it’s taken too far, even healthy eating can become an eating disorder.

Orthorexia is described as an unhealthy obsession with eating ‘pure’ food. That in itself might not sound too terrible, but the problem is that rather than just trying to eat healthily, people with orthorexia can feel anxious, guilty or even unclean if they eat food they’ve come to regard as ‘unhealthy’, and as a result may end up cutting out essential nutrients or whole food groups, with rigid rules around what they can and can’t eat.

“Orthorexia describes an unhealthy fixation with eating food that’s considered pure or ‘clean’. Signs may include cutting out food groups, seeming fixated on having a healthy diet, or feeling anxious about mealtimes,” says eating disorder charity Beat’s Tom Quinn.

“While eating disorders are mental illnesses that don’t always have physical symptoms, people with orthorexia may also show signs of malnutrition, such as low energy levels or feeling cold more often.”

Orthorexia isn’t officially classified as an eating disorder in itself, so people with symptoms may receive a diagnosis like anorexia or ‘other specified feeding and eating disorders,’ explains Quinn. And just because you’re following a very healthy eating plan or diet, it doesn’t mean you’ve automatically got orthorexia. Like other eating disorders, with orthorexia, the healthy or ‘clean’ eating involved is more complex and often used to help somebody cope with difficult thoughts and feelings, or to feel in control.

“Every person will experience an eating disorder differently to the next, and so each person will feel distress about different types of food,” says Quinn. “We know people with orthorexia often control food as a way of coping with difficult emotions, and can feel extremely anxious, guilty or stressed if they eat food they feel is ‘impure’ – often foods high in calories, sugar, or fat.”

Quinn says recovery from orthorexia is possible, and stresses that getting specialist treatment as early as possible is the best way to recover. If you’re worried about your own or someone else’s eating, consult your GP.

So what are the signs somebody might be affected by orthorexia? Here are seven possible indications to look out for…

Cutting out ‘unhealthy’ foods: People with orthorexia may eliminate foods or food groups from their diet because they think they’re unhealthy, such as high-calorie foods, or those containing sugar or fat, and the types of foods they stop eating may increase over time.

Being obsessed with healthy eating: Their fixation on healthy eating may interfere with their relationships or working life.

Being judgemental about food: They may seem to judge what other people eat.

Feeling powerless to stop: People with orthorexia may have a set of personal eating rules which they just can’t ignore, even if they want to.

Feeling guilty: They feel anxious, guilty or ‘unclean’ if they eat a food they think is unhealthy.

Depression: They suffer from low mood or depression, and have difficulty concentrating.

Physical signs: If someone with orthorexia cuts out important food groups or nutrients, they may develop malnutrition and lose weight, feel weaker and tired, take a long time to recover from illness, feel cold and not have much energy.